The MAVEN probe transmitted ultraviolet images of Mars. In this respect informs NASA.
These images were taken in 2022 and 2023 when Mars was at opposite ends of its orbit. The IUVS device captures wavelengths of 110 to 340 nanometers that the human eye cannot detect. Therefore, the scientists converted the spectrum to visible, assigning red to longer wavelengths and blue to shorter wavelengths.
The image on the right was taken during the southern hemisphere summer in July 2022, as Mars passed close to the Sun. Argyre Basin, one of the deepest craters on Mars, appears filled with atmospheric haze at lower left (shown here in pale pink). The deep canyons of Mariner Valley in the upper left are cloud-filled (yellow-brown in this picture). The south pole glacier appears white at the bottom, occupies a small area due to the summer season.
The left image of Mars’ northern hemisphere was taken in January 2023, after Mars passed the farthest point of its orbit from the Sun. The rapidly changing seasons in the Arctic cause abundant white clouds. The deep canyons of Mariner Valley appear brown at lower left, with many craters. Ozone, which appears purple in this UV image, was formed during the cold polar nights of the northern winter. In the spring, it will decompose by reacting with water vapor, which is limited to low altitudes at this time of year.
MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) entered Mars orbit in 2014. Its name in translation means “Evolution of the atmosphere and volatiles on Mars”, the study of which is devoted to the task of the device. With its help, planetary scientists hope to find out why Mars lost most of its atmosphere.
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