Scientists have created organoids to speed up vaccine trials. Reported by the American Chemical Society.
Vaccines “introduce” the immune system to the antigen so that the body can prepare for future exposure by “programming” B cells (B-lymphocytes) to produce antibodies against the antigen. However, some bacteria cover themselves with a polysaccharide “mask” that requires the use of special conjugated vaccines. However, it is not always known exactly how a conjugate vaccine would interact with B cells to elicit an immune response.
Usually, to test this, every new vaccine candidate of this type is tested on animals for a long time, which is both time consuming and time consuming for experimental animals. In this regard, Matthew DeLiza and his colleagues developed organoids to partially replace animals in experiments. Organelles are miniature resemblances of human or animal organs that are created from living cells and function like a real counterpart. Hundreds of immune cell organelles can be generated from the spleen of a single animal, greatly increasing testing efficiency.
To produce these biotechnological tools, the authors isolated B cells from mouse spleens, added signaling molecules and structural elements to them, and then packaged them in a synthetic hydrogel shell. Comparative tests were then performed: an experimental tularemia vaccine was injected into living mice and organelles.
As a result, it turned out that B cells respond to the vaccine in the same way in both a living organism and an organoid, confirming the suitability of this method for testing.
ancient biologists raised artificial fat for test tube meat.