Scientists explained what happened in the human body in space 17:08

American astronauts Butch Wilmore and Artificial Williams are preparing to return to Earth at the International Space Station (ISS) nine months later. His long tasks were a serious test for the body exposed to weightlessness, radiation and other cosmic environmental factors. Reporting this Agency France-Presse (AFP).

Although a nine -month accommodation in ISS has become one of the longest tasks, experts see it as a standard practice. According to Rikhana Bokhari, Professor of Cosmic Medical Center at Baylor College, standard tasks for ISS take about six months and some astronauts remain in space for a year.

In order to compensate for gravity deficiency, astronauts perform two -person training on special simulators, including the resistance device established in 2009. This equipment uses vacuum tubes and crane cables to simulate work with scales.

Bokhari, “the best confirmation of the effectiveness of this training, astronauts are almost no broken after returning to Earth, but bone scanning still reveals a certain loss of intensity,” he said.

After returning to the world, astronauts face a violation of the balance due to changes in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus. According to Emmanuel Urquitu of the University of Florida, this occurs in every astronaut, even after a short stay in space.

The restoration of the coordination takes place as part of the 45 -day NASA rehabilitation program, which astronauts “teach the bodies of the astronauts to work under worldly gravitational conditions.

An important problem is called liquid shift-redistribution of the fluid in the body towards zero gravity. This leads to an increase in the calcium level in the urine and increases the risk of kidney stones.

In addition, this effect causes an increase in intracranial pressure, which changes the shape of the eye sphere and causes Sans syndrome (neurrooftalmological syndrome associated with space flights). Therefore, the vision of astronauts may deteriorate. However, in some cases, the effect is unexpectedly positive.

Nasa Astronaut Jessica Meir said, “I had a very difficult chance case,” he said. “When I went to fly, I wore glasses and lenses. However, due to a change in the shape of the eye sphere, my vision is now the most expensive vision correction of 20/15-this date. Thanks to taxpayers,”

Radiation protection for ISS is provided by the Earth’s magnetic field, although the station passes through Van Allen’s radiation straps. However, the radiation level on the ship is still higher than the surface of the earth. NASA tries to keep the lifetime risk of cancer in astronauts within 3%.

However, there will be no such protection on the Moon and Mars, and the level of radiation will increase significantly. According to the astrophysicist Siegfried EGLAG from the University of Illinois, radiation protection is possible when using heavy materials such as lead or water. However, long -term tasks will require a large number of such materials.

A possible solution can be an artificial gravity created due to the return of a spacecraft or the use of strong acceleration and braking. This will reduce physical activity on the body and reduce the effect of radiation, but so far remains in the stage of development of technologies.

Despite all the difficulties, scientists are sure that humanity is ready for new steps in the development of the field. The task experience in ISS gives an idea of ​​how to adapt the body to long flights.

Previously, scientists discovered Milky Way Space Bubbles.