Among the snakes found in Moscow and the surrounding region, the most common species are non-venomous snakes and vipers. Copperheads are rarely encountered in this area. While bites from non-venomous snakes generally pose little danger to humans, venomous viper bites can cause serious complications. An expert surgeon at Hemotest Laboratory explained these risks and first aid steps on socialbites.ca.
Experts note that snakes tend to stay near water and are frequently seen along the banks of ponds and rivers. When faced with people, these reptiles often feign death, but they may also strike if startled or provoked. They hiss and coil before delivering a bite, signaling their warning before an attack.
Like other non-venomous snakes, bites from non-venomous species usually leave superficial scratches on the skin. Such injuries are not typically life-threatening. The bite site should be cleaned with warm water and soap or treated with an antiseptic to prevent infection. A dry, clean bandage applied over the wound is usually sufficient. Having a tetanus booster is prudent for protection, according to the surgeon. In contrast, vipers are active from early spring through late autumn and prefer shaded, moist, and marshy habitats.
In forested areas, the danger can come from stepping on a snake hidden in tall grass or finding one in a garden shed, a stack of firewood, or beneath bricks and boards at a country property. A viper is not inclined to attack large animals or people unless it is disturbed or handled. If threatened, a viper curls up, hisses, and darts toward the perceived threat, ready to strike.
The expert noted that bites from venomous snakes typically leave two red marks near the puncture sites. A sharp, immediate pain is common at the bite and the wound itself may not bleed right away. Over time, pain can intensify, swelling may develop, discoloration can appear, and red streaks can spread under the skin, signaling the onset of venom effects.
Viper venom can have a hemolytic effect, disrupting red blood cells and impairing blood clotting, which can contribute to clot formation in some cases. Within 48 hours after a bite, fever can develop, blood pressure may drop, lymph nodes can swell, nausea and vomiting can occur, and heart rate may increase. Although viper stings are rarely fatal, symptoms typically subside within 7 to 14 days. It is crucial to seek medical attention promptly to begin appropriate care and minimize the risk of complications.
Immediate guidance emphasizes keeping the injured limb still and at heart level to slow venom spread. The casualty should be positioned so that the affected limb is lower than the heart, such as sitting with the leg elevated, if feasible, to reduce circulation of venom.
Any tourniquet must be avoided because it can cause tissue death and worsen the wound. Cutting the wound or attempting to extract venom with alcohol is dangerous and ineffective. The best course is to call emergency services or go directly to the nearest hospital or emergency department. The wound should be cleaned gently with antiseptic or soapy water and covered with a clean, loose bandage.
Additionally, jewelry, shoes, and tight clothing should be removed from the injured area as soon as possible. If the bite is on the hand, rings, bracelets, and watches should come off; if the bite is on the leg, shoes and tight pants should be removed. As swelling progresses, it is important that nothing constrains the limb. While awaiting medical care or during transport, giving the person room-temperature water in small sips is sensible. If available, an antihistamine and a pain reliever may be offered temporarily, but these are emergency measures that do not substitute for professional medical treatment.
The medical professional also advised being mindful of wildlife in parks and forests during spring, including hedgehogs and foxes, as a reminder that natural environments can harbor various risks and deserve cautious observation.