Genetics plays a significant role in cancer risk. A senior oncologist, a deputy director at the European Medical Center Institute of Oncology, explained to socialbites.ca that certain genetic changes raise the likelihood of cancer more than others. He pointed to specific mutations that have the strongest association with cancer development.
According to the expert, cancer cells originate from ordinary body cells that have acquired genetic errors. These errors, or mutations, disrupt the normal growth and division of cells, potentially leading to a malignant tumor.
Every day, the human body generates hundreds of thousands of new cells. The immune system is constantly at work, identifying and eliminating abnormal cells. But when a genetic glitch slips through the defense, the process that forms a cancerous growth can begin.
Some mutations carry a higher risk than others and can be inherited from parents to children. In some families, these hereditary mutations pass through generations, influencing cancer risk beyond a single generation.
Among the best studied are BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes are linked to higher chances of developing breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It is important to note that hereditary risk does not affect women alone; men can be influenced as well, especially when mothers, sisters, or grandmothers have a history of these diseases. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 can move from female to male family members and contribute to prostate cancer risk, the oncologist warned.
Given a family history of cancer, particularly when it occurs at a younger age, genetic testing can be a prudent step. A test can reveal the presence of dangerous mutations and help guide proactive care. It is not a cause for panic if a mutation is found. Some mutations predispose individuals to certain cancers, while others may have no immediate impact. When a mutation is detected, a plan for regular medical evaluation by qualified specialists is recommended, typically at intervals of about six months, to monitor early signs of cancer development. In many cases, early detection and timely intervention lead to successful outcomes, making ongoing monitoring a key strategy for at-risk individuals.
Advances in genetics have empowered clinicians to tailor screening and prevention plans. For those with hereditary risk, a combination of personalized risk assessment, targeted imaging tests, and appropriate lifestyle measures can meaningfully reduce the likelihood of late-stage cancer. The goal is to identify changes early and pursue effective treatment promptly. A coordinated approach involving genetic counselors, primary care providers, and oncology specialists helps ensure that families understand their risks and the options available for management.
As medical science evolves, researchers continue to refine our understanding of how inherited mutations shape cancer risk and how best to translate that knowledge into practical, patient-centered care. Ongoing dialogue between patients and clinicians remains essential for making informed decisions about genetic testing, screening schedules, and preventive strategies. The emphasis is on informed vigilance, not alarm, so individuals can act with confidence when a hereditary risk is identified. It should be noted that the information above reflects current clinical insights and emphasizes proactive health management for those with a family history of cancer. This overview is intended to provide context for understanding hereditary cancer risk and does not replace professional medical advice.