Researchers at Northwestern University report that adults who live in greener neighborhoods tend to show biological signs of aging that are about 2.5 years younger than peers in less green settings. The findings appear in Science Advances and add a fresh dimension to how we think about healthy aging in real, lived environments across North America.
The study followed 924 adults across four U.S. cities, including Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Oakland. Using satellite imagery, the team measured how much greenery surrounded each participant and how many large parks lay within a five kilometer radius of their homes. That spatial snapshot provided a tangible link between everyday surroundings and biological age, beyond traditional lifestyle measures. The researchers emphasize that this approach highlights the role of the built environment in shaping health outcomes over the life course.
Biological age was estimated by examining specific methylation marks on DNA, a method that reflects cumulative exposures and cellular aging processes. Those living in greener areas showed an average reduction of about 2.5 years in biological age, with a more pronounced effect observed among women than men. These gender differences may reflect interactions between environmental factors and hormonal or lifestyle variables, though the study stops short of asserting causation.
It is important to note that the study did not assess the quality of green space or differentiate between types of greenery. Other factors known to influence aging, such as stress levels, social networks, access to healthcare, and economic conditions, were not controlled in this analysis. Even so, the authors advocate for urban planning that expands green infrastructure as a potential pathway to improve life expectancy and protect health as people age. They argue that communities designed with generous, accessible greenery can support healthier aging trajectories for residents across Canada and the United States.
When considering healthy aging, many people focus on nutrition, exercise, and sleep. The findings from this work suggest that the surrounding environment—the everyday places where people live, work, and socialize—also plays a meaningful role in maintaining health into older age. Enhancing green space can be a practical, scalable strategy for cities seeking to promote well being among aging populations, encouraging policymakers to integrate vegetation, parks, and tree-lined streets into both new developments and existing neighborhoods. The broader implication is clear: environmental design matters for aging, alongside diet and activity, in real-world settings.
Additional context from related research indicates that environmental factors might interact with other health determinants over the life span, influencing cognitive health and risk profiles later in life. While the exact mechanisms remain to be fully clarified, it is reasonable to consider green infrastructure as one component of a multifaceted approach to aging well. This perspective aligns with other findings that emphasize the importance of community design and access to outdoor spaces as part of a comprehensive public health strategy across North America, including Canada and the United States. In practical terms, urban planners, public health officials, and community leaders are encouraged to view green space not as an amenity but as a foundational asset that can support healthier aging populations. [citation: Northwestern University, Science Advances].