Scientists from the University of California, USA, discovered that more than a thousand genes may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Moreover, some of those associated with the regulation of the neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid can cause the development of cognitive problems (impairment of attention, memory, intelligence). Such symptoms cannot be corrected with medication. Research results published in the field of Molecular Psychiatry.
During the study, scientists analyzed the DNA of 205 schizophrenia patients and 115 healthy people. The researchers also assessed the subjects’ cognitive abilities using special tests and performed functional imaging of the participants’ brains to find out how different areas of the organ interact during mental tasks.
They identified more than a thousand genes that are associated with the development of schizophrenia and affect four different neurotransmitter pathways: dopamine, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), glutamate and serotonin. Neurotransmitters are biologically active substances. Their main function is the transmission of signals from nerve cells.
It turns out that genetic variants of glutamate- and GABA-related disorder often manifest as deficits in cognitive control, problems with attention, memory, and executive functions. Scientists explained that currently available drugs to treat schizophrenia generally aim to normalize dopamine regulation. They are effective in treating hallucinosis and delusions but cannot restore cognitive abilities.
According to the authors of the study, understanding the mechanism of formation of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia could be a starting point for the development of new drugs. Early genetic testing of patients may also simplify the process of diagnosing the disorder and help prevent wasted time on inappropriate treatment.
Previously neuroscientists to create Common biological mechanisms in schizophrenia and aging.