Jellyfish, salamanders, corals, fish, insects… Many species have the ability to regenerate parts of their bodies.. They reconstruct bones, muscles, skin, blood vessels, and nerves… and in such a precise and precise way that it’s hard to believe that part was ever cut out. A few years ago it became clear that Functional tissue regeneration depends on the ability to form blastema in all speciesA tumor-like mass of undifferentiated cells that forms at the site of injury. The bangs not only repair the damage, but also transform the missing extension.
Known as a pinkish fingernail-sized jellyfish species Cladonema, can regenerate a tentacle in two or three days. How blastema forms still remains a mystery.
A research team based in Japan found that: Cells that proliferate similar to stem cellsCells that are actively growing and dividing but have not yet differentiated into specific cell types also appear at the site of injury and help the blastema form.
The team’s findings were recently published in Plos Biology. “These proliferative cells, similar to those in the blastem, different from stem cells “Inhabitants of the tentacle,” says author Yuichiro Nakajima of the University of Tokyo.
“Repair-specific proliferative cells primarily contribute to the epithelium (thin outer layer) of the newly formed tentacle,” he adds.
According to Nakajima, resident stem cells Cells located in and near the tentacle are responsible for producing entire cell lineages during homeostasis and regeneration; They maintain and repair the cells that the jellyfish needs throughout its life.. In contrast, repair-specific proliferative cells appear only at the time of injury.
resident stem cells
Unity creates strength. “Resident stem cells and repair-specific proliferative cells together enable rapid regeneration of the functional tentacle within a few days.” explains Nakajima.
This finding also reveals how Blastema formation varies between different animal groupsfeatures lead author Sosuke Fujita, also of the University of Tokyo.
The aim of the study was to address the mechanism of blastema formation using the tentacle of the cnidarian jellyfish Cladonema as a regenerative model in non-bilateral animals, or animals that do not form bilaterally (or left-to-right) during embryonic development. Because the mechanisms of blastema formation in bilateral animals are better known.
salamandersFor example, bilateral animals can regenerate limbs because they contain stem cells limited to the needs of specific cell types; this process appears to operate similarly to the repair-specific proliferative cells observed in jellyfish.
Again, The cellular origins of the repair-specific proliferative cells observed in blastema remain unclear.and researchers note that the tools currently available to investigate their origins are too limited to elucidate the origin of these cells or identify other distinct stem cells.
“It would be important to introduce genetic tools “To track specific cell lineages and manipulation in Cladonema,” says Nakajima. “Ultimately, understanding the mechanisms of blastema formation in regenerative animals, including jellyfish, may help us identify cellular and molecular components that enhance our own regenerative abilities“.
a natural process
So, is it possible to regenerate appendages in humans? Cell renewal through stem cells is a naturally occurring process It is very evident in processes such as hair or nail growth, as well as in the healing processes of wounds affecting the skin or other parts of the body.
It’s a different matter organ regeneration. Humans, like other mammals, can only regenerate large portions of the liver and pancreas and repair skeletal muscle and the peripheral nervous system to a limited extent; this contrasts with the ability of amphibians and fish, for example, to repair most of their organs. As Argentinian cardiologist Hernán C. Doval noted in one of his studies, “in addition to recreating amputated limbs and fins, it also includes the lens, retina, heart muscle and central nervous system.”
referred to limb regenerationDoval emphasizes that in young children with distal finger amputations, “excellent regeneration of the fingertip can occur, but this only occurs if the stump skin is not sutured.”
His conclusion: “To transfer the robust regenerative capacity of aquatic salamanders and zebrafish to humans, the critical barrier of two tumor suppressors must be transiently and simultaneously blocked.They are called “ARF and Rb”.
“It is a fascinating adventure to discover later in evolution the mechanism that evolution had previously designed in lower vertebrates and used to adapt them to humans. “differentiation” mechanism Doval wrote that it “could help design a new technique that will allow our damaged tissues to regenerate (…)”
Reference report: https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002435
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