There are five different types of Alzheimer’s disease that differ in their prognosis and changes in the brain. This was demonstrated by a study published in the journal Cerebrospinal Fluid samples from patients with dementia. Aging of Nature.
Previous studies have shown that there are differences in the protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid of people with Alzheimer’s disease compared to healthy people. In the new study, scientists took a closer look at these changes by examining 1,058 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid from 419 patients and 187 healthy volunteers. They found that the protein composition allowed the identification of five subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease.
Patients with the first subtype have unusually high levels of brain cell growth. Patients with this subtype had the longest life expectancy; people generally lived about nine years after being diagnosed with the disease.
While the second subtype contained proteins associated with disorders in the brain’s immune system, in the third subtype, a disorder was observed in the production of the brain’s own proteins.
The fourth subtype was associated with problems with blood flow to the brain, and the fifth subtype was associated with a violation of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. This structure will separate the circulatory system of the brain and prevent infections and toxins from entering there.
Each of the subtypes was associated with its own genetic profile. If there are five main types of Alzheimer’s disease, this may explain why it is so difficult to treat. Perhaps each subtype requires its own treatment. Scientists therefore suggested that in the future, treatment of patients will begin after testing the cerebrospinal fluid to determine the subtype of the disease.
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