Scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison have learned to grow neurons from human stem cells using a special protein called ACTIVIN-A. Such a model would enable us to understand the causes of Alzheimer’s disease progression. Research results published In the journal Nature.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. It is a neurodegenerative disease and is accompanied by progressive dysfunction of nerve cells (neurons). The new study focused on LC-NE neurons of the locus coeruleus in the brain. It is a tiny little nucleus located deep in the human brainstem.
These neurons regulate heartbeat, blood pressure and are responsible for memory and attention. They also begin to degenerate at a very early stage in Alzheimer’s disease, sometimes years before other parts of the brain begin to malfunction.
Scientists sought to create a model that could effectively reflect the activity of neurons in the locus coeruleus. Previous attempts to create these neurons from human stem cells (which can develop into various organ and tissue cells) using mice have failed. The researchers found that using the ACTIVIN-A protein could help create such a model. It takes an active part in the process of neurogenesis – the formation of a new functioning neuron.
To create artificial LC-NE neurons, researchers transformed human stem cells into hindbrain cells. They then used ACTIVIN-A to make the enlarged neurons viable. The new neurons showed the ability to form axons, branches that carry nerve impulses from the cell body to organs and other nerve cells.
The scientists explained that their development could serve as a model reflecting the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, artificially grown cells will allow testing the effectiveness of various drugs.
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