American scientists from Florida State University have identified four of the most environmentally safe, relatively inexpensive and effective methods for combating space debris in orbit. The study was published in the scientific journal magazine International Journal of Student Project Reporting (IJSPR).
The most advanced and also the most expensive method of getting rid of debris in near-Earth space may be laser ablation – vaporizing objects with pulses of energy, according to researchers.
It is much cheaper to catch debris using a harpoon and net. Another approach involves capturing space debris with mechanical claws or using magnets. Other than laser ablation, it is unlikely that any of the proposed methods, such as capturing a failed satellite and transferring it to a lower orbit where it would burn up in the Earth’s atmosphere or deposit it in a sort of “space junk” zone.
Essentially, none of the approaches discussed will work perfectly and will likely not be cost effective or time efficient using current technology. But a combination of methods may work synergistically to overcome the weaknesses and enhance the strengths of each, the researchers noted.
Russian scientists before offered Concept of orbital screens that convert energy from the effects of space debris into heat.