Scientists from the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USA) have developed a blood test that can detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. In this respect reports EurekAlert.
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that develops mostly in the epithelial cells (the layer of cells on the surface of the organs) of the ovaries. Serous carcinoma is the most common type of cancer of this organ. In addition, serous carcinoma has a high mortality rate since it is difficult to diagnose the disease in the early stages.
A new blood testing technique developed by researchers aims to detect certain nucleic acids. The test helps determine whether a tumor in the pelvic area is malignant. Malignant neoplasms are characterized by the appearance of uncontrollably dividing cells that have the ability to spread into neighboring tissues.
The test looks for fragments of DNA circulating in the blood that are methylated at certain nucleic acids. DNA methylation is a biological process in which methyl groups are added to a DNA molecule. Methylation can change the activity of a section of DNA. This mechanism may play an important role in the development of certain types of cancer. “Cancer genes” (oncogenes) are activated in cancer cells, causing excessive cell growth. At the same time, genes that normally prevent cancer development can be suppressed through methylation.
Researchers collected blood samples from 370 ovarian cancer patients and healthy women. New analysis technology was able to reveal DNA methylation patterns in specific nucleic acids. The test detected ovarian cancer with 91% accuracy.
Scientists are now conducting additional research. If the results confirm the effectiveness of the test, the technology could become widespread.
Previously was created A test to detect cancer at an early stage using a urine test.