Scientists from the University of Gothenburg (GU) have found that high cardiorespiratory endurance in men can reduce the risk of nine types of cancer. Research published British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Cardiorespiratory endurance is a person’s ability to perform aerobic exercise, including running, cycling, climbing stairs, and swimming for long periods of time. In the new study, the researchers used information about the health of Swedes recruited between 1968 and 2005. By 2019, case data were available for 18 cancer types. The final analysis included more than one million men.
16- to 25-year-old recruits with low cardiorespiratory fitness were slightly more likely to be obese, have alcohol and substance abuse, and have lower-educated parents than recruits with higher physical fitness.
Conscripts with high stamina were 42% less likely to develop lung cancer, 40% less likely to develop liver cancer, 39% less esophageal cancer, and 21% less stomach cancer.
They also had a 5% lower risk of colorectal cancer, a 12% lower risk of pancreatic cancer, and an 18-20% lower risk of colorectal, kidney, and head and neck cancer.
However, higher cardiorespiratory endurance was associated with a 7% and 31% increase in prostate and skin cancer risk, respectively. The scientists speculated that this was due to more extensive screening in this group of people who may have paid more attention to their health.
The authors noted that their study was observational, so no firm conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect: the findings only indicate the presence of a correlation.
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