Scientists from Tokyo Medical and Dental University have discovered a new mechanism that stimulates the brain to repair itself after ischemic stroke. The research was published in the journal Neuron.
Ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked, resulting in the death of nerve cells. This condition is life-threatening and often leads to the development of mental, speech and movement disorders. It was known that surviving neurons could activate repair mechanisms, but it was not clear how.
In a new study, scientists found that neurons surrounding the area of paralyzed dead cells increased the production of a certain omega-6 fatty acid, DGLA, and its derivatives. They were responsible for initiating the recovery of brain nerve cells after ischemic stroke. They also reduced inflammation, which exacerbates brain damage.
The increase in DGLA required the presence of PLA2GE2 protein. In an experiment on mice, scientists showed that its deficiency led to more inflammation, worse recovery, and greater loss of brain tissue after a stroke.
Most of the data were obtained in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. However, a similar pathway for neuronal repair probably exists in humans, as neurons surrounding the stroke site secrete the same substances in humans. Also, another recent study reported that low serum DGLA levels are associated with severe ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment in humans.
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