This Russian invasion Ukraine changed gas market flows in 2022. Spain Being the country that produces the most liquefied natural gas (LNG) re-export According to its annual report, by 2022, 35% of total sales worldwide will come from global imports. International LNG Importers Group, Bringing together the main importing companies or terminal managers such as Spain Naturgy. stood in front of Indonesia (17% of global share) and Chinese (13%).
However, modest amounts: Spanish companies sold 1.4 million tons between 19.30 million LNG was imported that year. Most of this re-export went to: European countries (1.2 million tons) After the cessation of gas pipeline shipments from Russia and Europe’s desire to reduce its dependence on Moscow Increase in LNG purchases 45% on the continent, reaching 119.7 million tons in total.
Italy, then the Netherlands After its opening, it became the main buyer of Spanish ships (with 560,000 tons). virtual pipeline between the ports Barcelona and Livorno, trying to pull LNG smaller fleets Given the size of the Italian port. Even if flows from China, France or the Dominican Republic are added, Italy was the country that re-exported last year.
In addition to LNG reshipments, Spain also registered record shipments via pipelines Together historical export record It led France to close the year with 35 terabat-hours (TWh). net exporter balance for the first time (14 TWh), according to the annual report of the National Markets and Competition Commission (CNMC). In addition, a total of approximately 2 TWh since the start of the season Gas export to Moroccoas well as the outputs Portugal 6 TWh (compared to 5 TWh in 2021), 1.2 TWh net export balance.
Purchases made in Russia
This imports The amount of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in Europe will increase by 45% in 2022. 119,71 million tons Considering the need for gas extraction by boat To avoid any shortage problem. This and the absence of prohibitions on the European side led to the absence of country discrimination and therefore 9.1% LNG inflow from Russia, with Spain and France being the main importers, owning the largest regasification plants on the continent.
Third Vice President and Minister of Ecological Transition, Teresa Riberaargued this week the challenge of stopping import related to russian gas without prohibiting regulations. “We asked the intermediaries and importers to reduce (buying) and not sign new contracts, we requested them verbally and in writing. They said they respected our offer and they did not increase (Russian import). It is possible that they belong to others.traders that they discovered there is an option to store it here and they decided to use it. talent. We didn’t like it at all, but it is very difficult to impose something if there is no rule to enforce it,” he said. informal meeting of energy ministers held in Valladolid Presidency of Spain of the Council of the European Union
European purchases from Russia are mostly Yamal LNGone of the largest facilities gas production and liquefaction 50.01% of the controlled world Novatek, Russia’s second largest gas producer. french energetic Total Energy, He has a 20% stake in the project in Yamal, which owns 19.4% of Novatek’s shares. China National Petroleum Corporationwith 20% of capital and Chinese sovereign fund Silk Road Fundwith 9.9%.
America’s Pull
Faced with the boom in European demand, the United States doubled its exports to this continentIt goes from 21.47 million tons to 51.74. Controversial with America Qatar and Australia It is the leader in global LNG sales, increasing its supply by 12.6% in the period following the commissioning of the Sabine Pass and Calcasieu Pass liquefaction project. Freeport installation cancellation.
The authors of the report, in fact, 2023 US “probably” largest LNG exporter“United States, Qatar and Australia seized. 60% of the total between 79 and 75.4 million tons each. Russia It ranked fourth with 32 million tons of sales. Malaysia (27.6 million tons).
Asia’s decline
completely, global LNG trade Europe reached 389.2 million tons, up 4.5% year-on-year, with Europe accounting for most of the increase in supply. changing trade flows led to Asian countries to apply alternative energy sources due to record prices or reduce your demand. Asia is by far the main buyer of this raw material with a market share of 64.7%, but lost 7.6% of purchases compared to the previous year.
Such is the case in such countries. India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are very price sensitive; but above all ChineseIn 2022, it reduced its gas purchase from methane tankers by 20 percent to 63.32 million tons (16.3 percent of the total), increased its national production and imports through gas pipelines, as well as reduced its consumption due to the continuation of covid. However, China was second major buyer then around the world Japan (18.5% share).