Despite the improvement in recent years, true equality continues between men and women far from realAt least in the economic field. They continue to hold most management positions, have higher salaries and suffer less from part-time employment. A situation that transcends working life, with higher pensions than their colleagues.
This is what the report shows Women and Men in the Valencian Communitywho has produced Valencia Institute of Statistics (Ive) includes up to 163 different indicators to analyze the gender gap from different fields: from policy to health to labor market.
As for the purely economic area, the first thing to notice is the still significant difference in the activity rate. Only 53.6% of women are working or looking for a job at the legal age to do so, compared to 64.1% of menwhich means they continue to be those who often give up their careers to take care of the home and family.
Of course, they have incentives to do so, given that their salaries are still much lower. On average, in autonomy a woman earns 12% less than a man per effective hour worked, means a greater difference in income throughout the year. 5,000 euros. Of course, at least in this indicator, the improvement is noticeable in recent years, as the hourly wage gap has reached 19.4% since 2012, according to IVE data.
activities
Undoubtedly, the key lies in the type of tasks each performs. For example, female rate between directors and managers companies barely reach %49that means There are only 49 women for every hundred men in one of these positions.. On the contrary, they are more. basic occupationswhere it reaches 146.7%. In other words, 146 women for every 100 men work in such jobs.
In this sense, the most feminine occupations are those of workers. accounting, administrative and office workers, with a rate of 209.5%; followed the workers catering, commerce and other personal serviceswith 158.7%; And technical and scientific professions (a category that covers the majority of teachers, health personnel or those who need university education) with 139.9%.
In this context, it should be noted that one of the areas where women have a greater presence is women. administration and the entire public sector. Moreover, an increased presence. So, if the same indicator is applied to public employment, female rate reaches 145.5%22 points more than 2008.
On the other hand, occupations are more masculinized these structure And manufacturing industryfor every hundred men there are only nine women; HE army, with a rate of only 14%; And plant and machine operatorswith 18.7%.
If what is measured employment densityAgain, the female gender is the big loser. Only 60.7% of female workers are in a full-time job, compared to 80.6% of men with autonomy. In contrast, women suffer 9.8% more than 6% from part-time employment (26.1% compared to 12.1% of men) and from continuous intermittent work.
As it makes sense, these differences throughout the professional career result in some implications beyond the working life. lower pensions. Thus, 523,459 retirees in autonomy receive an average of 12,880 euros per year compared to 17,272 received by 519,935 male retirees.