Spain is one of the countries with the highest life expectancy in the world: some an average of 83 years (86 for women) is expected to increase gradually over the next few years. However, along with low birth ratefrom just 1.3 children per family progressive aging The current average age of 42.5 years was 27.5 in 1950.
In addition, it has increased significantly age at which women give birth to their first childlocated in Spain Average 32 years, as well as the maximum ages at which pregnancies occur, which, thanks to medical and reproductive technology, has increased to the age range of 40 to 50 years.
As a result of all this, according to the award Nobel Prize in Economics in 2004, Finnish KydlandThe percentage of the active population declines with respect to retirement age. 7.8 workers per pensioner It predicts it will be at 3.3 (in 1950) and 1.7 around 2075.
Adding to all this is the following, according to Kydland: women’s participation in active life decreasesdevoting themselves to the care of both children and the elderly in general. In recent years, the participation of women in working life is a fact. increased to 47% but that Nobel predicts it will be significantly reduced in the coming years.
This demographic problem endanger the existing welfare state, hindering the sustainability of the public pension system. For what it’s necessary addressing governments’ solutions Trying to mitigate the consequences of population aging.
Answers
As master switches, Kydland essentially distinguishes the two.: apply for immigration increase the workforce and looking for alternatives to care thus, women’s participation in the labor market does not decrease.
When it comes to immigration, the economist acknowledges that it can happen. a “provocative” act for different reasons, he only refers to the work of one of his students. How can taxes be avoided? applies to the immigrant population. The results of the article showed that the best thing to do to achieve this is to search. skilled staff of about 33 years.
Regarding the role of women in the active population, the Nobel Prize illustrates the decline of the working-age population. negatively affect the growth of the economy so that in 2055 this will happen 17% lower than expected If the demographic had continued to grow at the rate of 2017.
As an example of solution: the situation of his own country, Norway. Easier to find there than in Kydland childcare solutions or to take them to kindergarten and school encourages women’s participation In the world of labor.