The danger of kidney cancer is that the first symptoms are in the 3-4th phase of the disease, when it is no longer possible to talk about a favorable prognosis. Nina Zubova, surgeon at the Hemotest Laboratory, told socialbites.ca about this. She talked about how to prevent oncology and what research should be done to detect it on time.
According to the expert, kidney cancer ranks 14th in incidence among malignant tumors in Russia. It is also more common in men than women.
“The main insidiousness of this type of cancer is that it does not manifest itself at all in the early stages, when doctors, as a rule, can provide a favorable prognosis for combating the disease. It also actively metastasizes. Most often, new tumor foci are formed in the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, brain, liver. At the same time, at the time of cancer detection, about a third of patients have distant metastases,” said Nina Zubova.
The doctor noted that patients often interpret the first alarm bells as general malaise: people attribute low-grade fever and back pain to acute respiratory infections, and fatigue to stress and overwork. Anxiety begins to make noise when blood appears in the urine, back pain intensifies, fatigue increases and becomes chronic, and the person begins to lose weight. With the spread of metastases, additional symptoms appear: shortness of breath and hemoptysis with the appearance of cancerous foci in the lungs, pain in the head and body.
“The main and most effective method of treating this type of cancer is surgery. If the tumor was detected at an early stage and is small, a kidney resection is performed – the tumor is excised. In other cases, a nephrectomy is performed – the kidney is completely removed. But even after such an operation, metastases may appear in the body again, which leads to deterioration of the patient’s condition. For this reason, the patient should be followed by an oncologist after the operation,” warned the surgeon.
According to him, the probability of developing kidney cancer largely depends on lifestyle. The main risk factors are smoking, obesity and hypertension. In addition, this oncology is more common in patients undergoing prolonged hemodialysis and in women after removal of the uterus. Therefore, the main prevention is the observance of the rules of a healthy lifestyle: quitting smoking, regular physical education, a balanced diet.
“People at risk with an inherited predisposition to cancer are advised to regularly undergo tests and studies to detect malignant tumors. Ultrasound of the abdominal and retroperitoneal space is primarily recommended for renal cell carcinoma screening. Bolus contrast computed tomography is used as the diagnostic standard. This study allows you to see the location, size and number of kidney tumors, assess the state of metastasis sites, exclude metastatic lesions of the abdominal organs, ”said the Hemotest Laboratory specialist.
Also, to detect diseases of the kidneys and urinary system, cytological examination of urine is used, which allows to identify tumor cells in the biomaterial and a comprehensive biochemical blood test.
The surgeon reminded that only a doctor can make a definitive diagnosis based on a thorough examination of the patient, but everyone can control the condition of his body with the help of prevention, regular tests and studies.
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