Scientists at Osaka University have found molecules that could potentially improve stroke recovery. The research was published in the journal Paralysis.
Ischemic stroke, caused by an obstruction of blood flow to the brain, is a common cause of death and disability. Changes in the brain can be reversed if a drug that dissolves blood clots is given within 4.5 hours. In a new study, scientists have identified molecules that can improve cognitive and motor recovery after a stroke, even when administered the next day.
Scientists have identified two proteins, R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) and LGR4, that trigger a cascade of reactions in cells that reduce inflammation in the brain. Proteins also stimulate the restoration of the processes of nerve cells in the brain.
The scientists then injected RSPO3, which activates the LGR4 protein, into the brains of mice 24 and 48 hours after ischemic stroke. Nine days after stroke, RSPO3-treated mice showed less motor and sensory impairment than placebo-treated mice.
As the activity of molecules that increase inflammation decreased, signs of neuronal overgrowth became more pronounced. This effect was associated with decreased production of TLR4 protein, one of the proteins required to stimulate inflammation.
These results are particularly interesting because RPSO3 was given to mice the day after stroke, suggesting a potential benefit from treatment in the later stages of stroke. The use of molecules that affect the RSPO3 and LGR4 proteins may be a promising way to develop new treatments for ischemic stroke. However, scientists still have many problems to solve before moving on to human clinical trials.