The FP everyone wants

“We are concerned about youth unemployment rates as they have increased over the past year,” explains Mona Brand, deputy director of the Munich municipal school of technology. “We had youth unemployment at 3 percent now and 1.9 percent a year ago,” she continues. The bewildered face of any Spanish visitor hearing these numbers is proportional to the gap between Bavarian and Iberian truth. In Spain, according to the latest data from the Active Population Survey (EPA), unemployment among those under 25 is 30.2%, which is 10 times higher than in Munich. And it is the quality and degree of implementation of Dual Vocational Training, not the sunshine hours or the type of gastronomy, that is responsible for the vast difference between one region and another.

The FP everyone wants


The successful German VET model is exemplary, as evidenced by the record €1,200 million investment announced this week by Pedro Sánchez, at a time when Spain began betting heavily to promote what was once known as “trade”. . Beginners The establishment, as historic as it is common – the headquarters that Brand headed – survived two world wars. According to data from the Bertelsmann Foundation, 60 out of every 100 German students receive vocational training and 40 go to university. And 40 of those 60 APs are learned through duals (with more emphasis on practical training). In Spain this method covers only 4% of students.

From a BMW to a hotel of the Meliá chain, a century-old brewery or a hotel passing through a bakery. The dual AP model is crossover in the German economy and relies on a social consensus involving companies, chambers of commerce and administrations (at all levels) to maintain an ecosystem in which apprentices work in the factory, workshop or factory reception. the first day and from the first day they receive a salary for it.

“Math has always been good for me, but I have a practical spirit. I couldn’t see myself studying for a college degree for four years. I like knowing what I’m working for and being able to implement it quickly,” explains Bianca, one of 800 apprentices at the BMW plant in Munich, from a workforce of 7,700 employees. SEAT has 180 dual VT students from a workforce of 10,000 factory workers, one of the largest dual experiences in Spain.

Bianca is in her third year of VET and this is the final year of her current degree. From the first year, he works alternately for two weeks at the factory and one week at the training centre. He started earning 1,000 euros gross as an apprentice and today he receives 1,200 euros. Next year, when BMW offers him an indefinite contract as a worker, he will charge between 2,400 and 3,000 euros gross per month.

German companies make a greater economic effort and do not always retain the apprentices they train, but provide profiles with the skills they need in return. According to Adecco in Spain, 41.3% of job offers require an FP degree above university degrees, but there are currently no such business or management efforts. In Catalonia, a total of 1,323 students were left without AP places on this course, but up to 12,611 in the first place were unable to continue such studies due to lack of government support.

In the Central European model—because the German is very similar to Switzerland, Denmark, or Austria—it’s the private sector that pulls the car. For example: In Spain, a student has to take an exam with the training center to start studying for an FP degree and then already looks for the company in which he will do the internship. In Germany, it’s the opposite. There, students go to the German SEPE, look for offers from different companies and apply to the one that interests them the most. They then go through the selection process where the company decides, and once they pass that they sign a three-year contract that the company can’t get back, and then they call the community education center which should guarantee them a place. They can continue their further theoretical education.

As Dieter Vierlbeck, head of education at the Munich Chamber of Crafts, explains, it’s not just industrial, it’s not just big companies either. One of the classic arguments for why dual VET has not worked in Spain so far is that this country is an SME country and they cannot afford the costs of such training. “The average workforce of companies recruiting apprentices this year is 10 workers,” he says.

And to help SMEs get into chambers of commerce that offer complementary training to go where small businesses don’t. And, in turn, they document the quality and diversity of the training to ensure that the young person trained at one company applies to another. “SMEs are the backbone of German VET,” agrees senior analyst at the Bertelsmann Foundation Clemens Wieland.

Akito Nakamura is 32 years old and came to Bavaria for his bread. An exotic product linked to rice in the Japanese kitchen seduced this youth, who quit his nursing home job to flour his hands at the century-old Traublinger bakery. “My parents supported me, but my grandparents still don’t get it,” she explains between a bagel and a half-baked loaf of bread. Although Japan is not the main country of origin for foreign students in Bavarian society, around 50% of students have their roots outside Germany, according to data from the Munich chamber of crafts.

Ania arrived in the Bavarian capital from Ukraine five years ago at a time when a Russian invasion was still a remote possibility. There he earned a degree in tourism, but in five years he has not interacted with more tourists than he could find on the street. And while the Meliá chain appreciates her previous training, her career within the company began as an apprentice and went through all departments, from reception to sales to breakfast service. “It is unthinkable to hire someone here and not give them any training. And then you invested so much in them that it’s worth it to stay, ”explains their managers.

“With dual vocational training, all parties win. Companies ensure that what’s learned at the dizzying speed they have to act on today is practical and up-to-date. And young people are often in well-paid jobs with a future they don’t know,” says Clara Bassols, director of the Bertelsmann Foundation.

Source: Informacion

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