It seems that gasoline injection via injectors as a fuel system is much more modern and recent …
However, injection has been used in series for more than 80 years, but at that time they started only in aviation, on fast fighter aircraft. It was necessary to ensure high power and stability of the engine at all altitudes and in all modes, including when performing the most complex aerobatic maneuvers.
From heaven to earth, injection fuel systems of gasoline engines have returned, mainly for motorsports. There, too, the operating conditions of engines are at the limit of the possible … Historically, in the growth of power of internal combustion piston engines, the appearance of injectors played no less important role than turbocharging!
And the modification of the injection system on mass-produced passenger car engines was necessary when engines, in addition to high power, began to demand efficiency and a low level of exhaust toxicity. And very quickly, in the management of injection systems, electronics replaced mechanical systems. A gasoline engine with internal combustion engine is no longer conceivable without electronic fuel injection. Now the vast majority of young motorists do not even know why a carburetor needs an air valve or what a jet is …
On the cutting edge of progress
The most modern fuel supply system for a gasoline engine is a direct injection system directly into the combustion chamber. Thus, such an engine becomes close “relatives” of a diesel engine. There, too, the so-called “internal mixture formation” is used, only the resulting air-fuel mixture is ignited by compression, and not by a spark. In this way, the maximum effect on the efficiency of the engine and compliance with increasingly strict environmental standards is achieved.
In addition, in engines with gasoline direct injection, it becomes possible to slightly increase the compression ratio – the most important parameter of the engine, which also affects power and efficiency. In this case, the same quality of gasoline is used as in engines with conventional injection into the intake manifold, without an increased octane number. And this can be achieved through the combined use of high-speed electronic engine control systems and fuel injection through injectors directly into the combustion chamber. Resulting in engines direct injection more economical than their counterparts up to 15-20%!
Structural difference of injection systems.
The disadvantage of gasoline direct injection systems is high fuel injection pressure. In a conventional injection engine, the injector sprays petrol at a pressure of 2.5 to 4 bar, comparable to the pressure in a car tyre. With direct injection, you need to create an order of magnitude more pressure – 50 bar. And for some car manufacturers, the spraying pressure is even higher – up to 250 bar. Thus, a modern gasoline direct injection engine becomes comparable in pressure to a diesel engine with a mechanical high-pressure fuel pump. Moreover, if in a conventional gasoline injector there are two or three nozzles, then in direct injection nozzles there can be all ten. Only the diameter of the calibrated holes is much smaller.
Normal fuel injector spray.
Great value for economy and engine power direct injection has an electronic injection control system. Only electronics are able to change the composition of the air-fuel mixture in the blink of an eye from a stoichiometrically homogeneous 1:14, necessary for maximum power and maximum torque, to a super-efficient super-slim 1:40. Also, the cyclical injection of the necessary volume of gasoline goes in several portions. A complicated and expensive system…
Several car manufacturers have engines with a system direct injection They, of course, are called differently and are made with some differences, but I combine them with high requirements for the purity and quality of fuel, for the serviceability and high efficiency of fuel filters. Because the parts of the high pressure fuel pump, injectors are made with precision, dust or water getting into the fuel can easily shut down the entire system. Spray pressure drops – power drops, nozzles may begin to “pour” instead of spraying fuel. Under such conditions, the expensive catalyst also suffers. Problems with the engine grow like an avalanche, up to the wear of pistons and cylinders … And the cost of the repair itself will have to be added to the price of parts “killed” by fuel. It could be an engine overhaul.
Injector coking on a Volkswagen TSI engine.
How to prolong the performance of direct injection
If the owner of the car cannot influence smart electronics (observe only the recommended frequency of diagnostics and do not go into the electrical connectors with a screwdriver), then it is quite possible to monitor the timely replacement of fuel filters and with normal fueling. petrol station.
It makes sense to use prophylactically and fuel additivesspecially designed for direct injection engines. The composition of such additives is much more complex than that of a carburetor cleaner and the properties differ from solvent or acetone. There is a special cleaning component that removes tar deposits in the fuel system, but does not attack rubber seals and hoses. Resin removal is “gentle”, the sludge does not clog the nozzles. There are alcohols that “bind” the water in the fuel. There are anti-wear, lubricating components that extend the life of the injection pump and injectors.
Cleaning additives keep the nozzles clean and ensure an even spray pattern.
One of the manufacturers of such automotive chemicals is the German company BIZOL Germany GmbH, a manufacturer of high-quality engine and transmission oils, various additives and car care products.
The company is no longer young, it has existed since 1998 and was created taking into account the most modern requirements for oils and additives. As a result, the BIZOL products are approved by all major European car manufacturers.
BIZOL Catalytic System Protect+ g82 petrol additive is made in Germany and specially developed to protect engines direct injection. Using this additive is the simplest. It is necessary to pour the contents of a 250 ml canister of Catalytic System Protect + into the petrol tank after refueling the car, at the rate of one canister for 70 liters of petrol.
To clean the atomizers, you do not need to disassemble the parts of the power system, which saves time and money for the work done. And, most importantly, there is no risk of incorrect reassembly.
The composition of the additive mixes easily with the fuel. For prevention, it is recommended to use the additive at every third refueling. In the case of forced use of low-quality fuel, it is recommended to use an additive during the entire period of such operation. Believe me, your engine will appreciate the care of its technical condition!
For more than 100 years, humanity has used the carburetor almost without alternative as the main device in the propulsion system of internal combustion piston engines. The carburetor is still in use.
No more pulling: how to maintain engine power with direct injection